﻿////
Copyright 2019, 2022 Peter Dimov
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
////

[#examples]
# Examples
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## Using BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION

Demonstrates the use of `BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION`.

[source,c++,linenums,highlight=8]
----
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>

void f()
{
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::runtime_error( "Unspecified runtime error" ) );
}

int main()
{
    try
    {
        f();
    }
    catch( std::exception const & x )
    {
        std::cerr << boost::diagnostic_information( x ) << std::endl;
    }
}
----

Sample output:

```none
example.cpp(8): Throw in function void f()
Dynamic exception type: boost::wrapexcept<std::runtime_error>
std::exception::what: Unspecified runtime error
```

## Using boost::throw_exception with a source location

Demonstrates moving the call to `boost::throw_exception` to a common
helper function that can be marked `BOOST_NOINLINE` to avoid
unnecessary code duplication. The source location is passed
explicitly to the helper function so that it can still record the
logical throw point, instead of always pointing into the helper.

[source,c++,linenums,highlight=31]
----
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/core/verbose_terminate_handler.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>

BOOST_NORETURN BOOST_NOINLINE
void throw_index_error( std::size_t i, std::size_t n,
  boost::source_location const & loc )
{
    std::string msg = "Index out of range: "
      + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>( i ) + " >= "
      + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>( n );

    boost::throw_exception( std::out_of_range( msg ), loc );
}

void f1( std::size_t i, std::size_t n )
{
    if( i >= n )
    {
        throw_index_error( i, n, BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION );
    }
}

void f2( std::size_t i, std::size_t n )
{
    if( i >= n )
    {
        throw_index_error( i, n, BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION );
    }
}

int main()
{
    std::set_terminate( boost::core::verbose_terminate_handler );

    f1( 0, 3 );
    f2( 4, 3 );
}
----

Sample output:

```none
std::terminate called after throwing an exception:

      type: boost::wrapexcept<std::out_of_range>
    what(): Index out of range: 4 >= 3
  location: <source>:31:34 in function 'f2'
```

## Using boost::throw_with_location

This example demonstrates a trivial use of `boost::throw_with_location`. Since
a source location is not supplied, the location of the call to
`boost::throw_with_location` is implicitly captured.

[source,c++,linenums,highlight=9]
----
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/core/verbose_terminate_handler.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>

int f1( int x )
{
    if( x < 0 )
    {
        boost::throw_with_location(
            std::invalid_argument( "f1: x cannot be negative" ) );
    }

    return x;
}

int main()
{
    std::set_terminate( boost::core::verbose_terminate_handler );

    return f1( -4 );
}
----

Sample output:

```none
std::terminate called after throwing an exception:

      type: boost::detail::with_throw_location<std::invalid_argument>
    what(): f1: x cannot be negative
  location: <source>:9:9 in function 'f1'
```

## Using boost::throw_with_location with an explicit source location

In this example, the call to `boost::throw_with_location` is moved into
a common helper function. Note how the "API" functions `f1` and `f2`
take a source location argument that defaults to `BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION`.
This allows the source location attached to the exception to point at
the location of the call to `f2`, rather than inside of `f2`.

Since functions such as `f2` are typically called from more than one place
in the program, this is usually what we want, because it enables us to
identify the throwing call, rather than merely to know that it was `f2`
that threw.

[source,c++,linenums,highlight=38]
----
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/core/verbose_terminate_handler.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>

BOOST_NORETURN BOOST_NOINLINE
void throw_invalid_argument( char const * msg,
    boost::source_location const & loc )
{
    boost::throw_with_location( std::invalid_argument( msg ), loc );
}

int f1( int x,
    boost::source_location const & loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION )
{
    if( x < 0 )
    {
        throw_invalid_argument( "f1: x cannot be negative", loc );
    }

    return x;
}

int f2( int x,
    boost::source_location const & loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION )
{
    if( x < 0 )
    {
        throw_invalid_argument( "f2: x cannot be negative", loc );
    }

    return x;
}

int main()
{
    std::set_terminate( boost::core::verbose_terminate_handler );

    return f1( 3 ) + f2( -11 );
}
----

Sample output:

```none
std::terminate called after throwing an exception:

      type: boost::detail::with_throw_location<std::invalid_argument>
    what(): f2: x cannot be negative
  location: <source>:38:22 in function 'main'
```
